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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 108, No. 5: 394-401
Copyright © 1978 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

other

EMERGENCE OF A NEW ARBOVIRUS DISEASE IN BRAZIL

II. EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES ON 1975 EPIDEMIC

OSCAR DE SOUZA LOPES1, LIA DE ABREU SACCHETTA1, TEREZINHA L. M. COIMBRA1,, GERALDO H. PINTO2 and CARMEN MORENO GLASSER3

1 Seçao de Virus Transmitidos por Artrópodos, Instituto Adolfo Lutz Sao Paulo, Brazil
2 DEVALE, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde Sao Paulo, Brazil
3 Campanha de Combate à Esquistossomose, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde Sao Paulo, Brazil

Address for reprints: Dr. Oscar de Souza Lopes, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Seçao de Virus Transmitidos por Artropodos, Caixa Postal 7027, 01000 Sao Paulo, Brazil.

In April, 1975, an outbreak of human encephalitis caused by Rocio virus, a new flavivirus, occurred in the coastal region of southern Sao Paulo, Brazil. The epidemic started during the second half of March, 1975, and ended in June,.1975. A total of 465 cases with 61 deaths were recorded, and the overall attack rate was 15 per thousand population. The mortality rate was two per thousand inhabitants and the overall case-fatality rate was 13%. However, the case-fatality rate was markedly decreased when adequate hospital care was provided. The number of cases In the 15–30 years age group was higher than in the other age groups and the rate was higher in males than in females. Lack of evidence of person-to-person transmission, based on a study of families involved in the epidemic and on the antigenic relationship to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses, suggested that the virus was transmitted by a vector and that wild animals were Involved In the virus cycle.

age groups; arboviruses; encephalitis; fiaviviruses; Rocio virus; wild animals


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