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American Journal of Epidemiology Vol. 108, No. 5: 415-424
Copyright © 1978 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health

other

CASE-CONTROL STUDIES: A SEQUENTIAL APPROACH

ROBERT T. O'NEILL and CHARLES ANELLO

From the Food and Drug Administration, Bureau of Drugs Rockville, MD 20857

request reprints from Dr. O'Neill at this address.

A sequential approach to the design of a matched pair case-control study is proposed as an alternative to fixed sample plans when information on casecontrol pairs is acquired sequentially in time. The method described is that of Wald using the Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) for comparing two binomial populations. The test is an open, non-truncated procedure. Several tables are presented for the average sample numbers needed under the sequential plan and fixed sample plan for selected Type 1 and 2 errors, alternative relative risks of Interest and exposure probabilities in cases and controls. A hypothetical example is presented to illustrate the use of the method and discussion is given as to the possible advantages and disadvantages of the sequential approach to case-control studies.

biometry; epidemiologic methods; matching; probability; prospective studies; retrospective studies; risk; statistics


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